What is hyperkyphosis defined as?

Hyperkyphosis is defined as an increase in the normal thoracic curve of the spine. In this condition, the natural curvature becomes exaggerated, leading to a hunchback appearance or excessive rounding of the upper back. This can result from various factors, including poor posture, degenerative diseases, or musculoskeletal disorders. The condition can lead to discomfort, back pain, and may also affect respiratory function as the thoracic cavity becomes more constricted due to the altered spinal alignment.

The other options describe different spinal conditions: a decrease in spinal curvature refers to hypolordosis or other flattening conditions, lateral curvature of the spine signifies scoliosis, and protrusion of the vertebrae may refer to conditions such as herniated discs or vertebral bony growths, which are not related to the definition of hyperkyphosis.